Globalization and Primary Education: A Literature Review Analysis of Developing Students’ Global Perspectives

Abstract

Globalization has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including education, driven by rapid advancements in information and communication technology as well as increasing intercultural interactions on a global scale. These developments require education systems to adapt to a world that is becoming more complex and interconnected. In this context, basic education plays a crucial role in preparing students to face global challenges from an early age by fostering a global perspective through the learning process. This study aims to analyze the relationship between globalization and basic education and to examine efforts to develop students’ global perspectives through a literature review method by analyzing various relevant scientific sources. The findings indicate that globalization encourages a paradigm shift in education toward the development of 21st-century competencies, including critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and digital literacy. However, these competencies need to be balanced with the strengthening of local cultural values to ensure that students maintain a strong national identity.